temperatureOur learnometer.net project, led by 30+ years of educational research, together with sporting insights into the aggregation of marginal gains, has been looking for 5 years at the small details that have a substantial impact on learning and behaviour in schools, colleges and sport. We have millions of hours of data and know what works, with good evidence.
Given the current coronavirus crisis there are now many children and adults worldwide facing a substantial period working at home / from home. This summary below is freely offered to help you make the home working space the very best it can be to keep you bright, engaged, clever and productive. All the details are easy to implement - and anyway, it looks like many of you now have time on your hands... for some time to come.
temperature
For your brain to be at its best for learning, you need to be in a temperature between 18°-21°C. Every degree above that and your performance declines in a straight line. By 23°C there is a statistically significant performance drop. With each degree temperature goes up, your performance goes down. Air circulation is a big help - keep the air moving through your working space.
With coronavirus we are being asked to work with open windows anyway, currently, so that also helps to moderate temperatures.
light levels
Light is complex (see more here). Your working brain needs good light. There is brightness (lux levels), but also whiteness (the kelvin number, or temperature, of light). You can measure the lux levels easily with a simple phone app. There are many. On an outdoor Spring day in England light would be many thousands of Lux. Your brain needs a minimum of 500 lux and our project normally looks for 1,000 lux - which feels quite dramatic - like an operating theatre. Less that 500 and you will be yawning and off task pretty soon.
The old fluorescent tubes are not good for learning. Your brain perceives a flicker even if you don't notice it and this is stressful, giving headaches, making reading hard and often resulting in real tiredness. Do not try to work under fluorescent tubes.
Fortunately you can usually retro fit modern LED bulbs into your existing fittings. when you buy LED bulbs you will note they have a kelvin value. The higher the kelvin rating the 'whiter' the light. You need "daylight white" a kelvin 5,500 or higher. Nothing else. Here is an example from Amazon but try to support your local shops if you can.
movement
At its simplest, movement gets the blood flowing around your body, and thus your brain. It's all a bit more complicated than that, but the important thing is to stand, move, stretch, and when you sit do so at a body angle more like 130° that the "sit up straight" of 90°.
You can do this with thoughtful furniture, by having a place to stand and work sometimes, or just by good habits. Move at least every 20 minutes. Even just standing rather than sitting prior to an important event (like a phone conference perhaps) will measurably sharpen your brain up.
colour
Years ago teachers were taught that Eau de Nil (an insipid green quite unlike the Nile!) was calming whereas orange would make children a little hyper. The evidence of any of this however is poor. We do know that red wakes you up in the morning (hence all those red dresses and clothes on breakfast TV shows) but really what is more important is a bit of variety. If you are lucky enough to have (or afford) a colour changing lightbulb or two, just use them to keep your 'space' changed as time goes by. Or add bits of spot colour by swapping in cushions or hanging things around the place - just bits and pieces, not whole walls!
walls
Walls reflect light. White paint on walls reflects more light than coloured paint. Dark colours soak up light. In our project we have become enthusiasts for Dulux Light and Space paint, in white. If you get bored at home take a day to repaint your walls with this clever paint - it reflects a LOT more light than standard emulsion paint and it is only slightly more expensive. Worth doing; this may all go on for some time.
CO2
This is a hugely important variable. Again, it is complex and more details are here. We measure CO2 in ppm (part per million) and anything over 1,000ppm begins to impact on your learning and thinking. Our little Learnometer.net boxes measure CO2 and much more for schools and colleges, but for your home space it is enough to know that CO2 is a heavy gas, hangs around in a room and we all exhale it as we breathe. A room can get to 1,000ppm surprisingly quickly. The more people in the room the faster that threshold is reached.
But there are simple solutions - keeping doors open lets the CO2 pour out of the room. Plants are your friends though. Through photosynthesis plants absorb CO2 and give back oxygen in daylight hours. So three or four biggish household plants (Aloe Vera, Sansevieria Trifasciata, that kind of thing) will do more than enough work to keep your room oxygen rich rather than CO2 flooded. In schools we really see a substantial behaviour problem resulting from the disengagement that too much CO2 brings, so spend some time on this bit of the makeover in your home.
noise and music
There is a lot of research about this, some of it surprising. We did our own as well. We concluded from all of this that:
So in summary - go with music that is quiet, has no lyrics and is quite slow.
TVOCs (total volatile organic compounds)
TVOCs are that nasty lingering smell as chemicals are given off by some paints drying, or glues and similar. In the initial worry about the CoVID pandemic much emphasis was put on cleaning and clean surfaces. Today we know that aerosol droplets are also a danger - probably a bigger one. But we have all got into a "clean hands and very clean surfaces" habit, at home and indeed everywhere. The problem is that we are using very strong chemical sprays - far more aggresive that just everyday kitchen cleaners and the TVOCs left in our workspaces by these sprays are damaging to cognitive activity. They hang around for 5 or 6 hours too. With our learnometers we can see huge spikes in our data as cleaners pass through schools or offices.
So the takeaway advice here is to use less industrial strength cleaners, clean with windows open and leave open after cleaning too. Try not to be working in a recently cleaned room, where recent is hours not minutes.
smells
At the risk of seeming a bit New Age, smells matter. After we came across a school that opened every morning to the seductive smell of fresh bread, we looked at evidence of other positive smells. Mainly, we found that Rosemary has a quite substantial and positive effect on memory.
Shakepeare said "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance..." and turns out, he was right! Rubbing your hands on a Rosemary plant and sniffing them really does help short term memory. But Lavendar will send you to sleep, so keep away from that! If you have a garden, it's maybe time to plant for your brain, not your eyes!
Finally, we do appreciate that not everyone is currently able or expected to work at home - some schools are still partly open (this page initially created 17th March 2020), many jobs can only be done directly (eg health professionals, bus drivers) but for many of you the information above is the basis of a great project and you will be amazed at the difference that a cognitive makeover can have on your work in these difficult times.
An environment that is good for your brain is also a heathly and less stressful environment - that should perhaps help everyone to stay healthier too... every little helps.
And of course for everyone, you will have noticed that most of the above variables can be dramatically improved by working out of doors, if you are in a place where that is an option. There is a reason for all those fond childhood memories of outside learning! Even getting your head out of the window, or moving onto a balcony, will be helpful if possible.
Please forward this on to anyone that it might help. Hopefully, we can all play a part as this crisis sweeps by us all.
© Professor Stephen Heppell
this page created on Wednesday, 17/03/2020 04:01
and last updated
10/08/2020 12:58
more research and detail from learnometer.net